Seminarium om teoretisk fysik - Ralf Eichhorn

Ralf Eichhorn: Irreversibility in Active Matter Systems

Abstract

The defining feature of active particles is that they constantly propel themselves by locally converting chemical energy into directed motion. This active self-propulsion prevents them from equilibrating with their thermal environment (e.g. an aqueous solution), thus keeping them permanently out of equilibrium. Nevertheless, the spatial dynamics of active particles might share certain equilibrium features, in particular in the steady state. We here focus on the time-reversal symmetry of individual spatial trajectories as a distinct equilibrium characteristic.

Within the framework of active Ornstein–Uhlenbeck particles we calculate the log-ratio of path probabilities for observing a certain particle trajectory forward in time versus observing its time-reserved twin trajectory, and derive a generalized ``entropy production'', which fulfills an integral fluctuation theorem. Using this ``entropy production'' we then investigate to what extent the steady-state trajectories of a trapped active particle obey or break time-reversal symmetry. We find that the steady-state trajectories in a harmonic potential fulfill path-wise time-reversal symmetry exactly, while this symmetry is typically broken in anharmonic potentials.

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Plats: PJ-salen, Institutionen för fysik, Kemigården 1, Göteborg
Zoom-länk: https://gu-se.zoom.us/j/64681043702

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Seminarium om teoretisk fysik